Improvement in machines for forging horseshoe-nails



4Sheets-Sheet1. 'J. WHYSALL, Jr. 8. 0.1M. MERRICK. MACHINES-FOR FO-RGING HORSESHOE NAILS. N 175,9.1Z Patehted May 2,1878.

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NIFEI'ERS, PROTCHJTHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D C,

4 Sheets-Sheet 2. I. WHYSAL Jr. 8a 'CKM. MERRICK.

FOR GIN Q HORSE .E NAILS. No.17 1Z- enned May 2,1876.-

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I 4: Sheets-Sheet-4. J. WHYSALL, Jr. & G. M. MERRICK. MACHINES FOR FORG I-NG HORS'ESHOE NAILS.

N0.175,91Z. Patented May 2,1876.-

W NIH! Witnesses? NJETERS. PHOTO-LITNOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON. D c.

" STATES JOB WHYSALL, JR, AND CHARLES- MERRIGK,OF NEW BRIGHTON, PA.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR FORGING HORSESHOE-NAILSJ Specification forming part-of Letters Patent No. 176,912, dated May 2, 1876; application filed February 25, 1876.

To alt'whomit may concern.-

Be it known that we, J01; WHYSALL, Jr., and CHARLES M.MERR1oK, of New Brighton, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Makin'g Nails, of which the following is the specification:

- an elevation showing the face of the machine,

thefeed mechanism being detached; Fig. 2, a sectional elevation on the line 1 2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, asectional planon the line 3 4, Fig. 2 Figs. 4 and 5, detached views, showing parts of the machine; Fig. 6, a side View, partly in section, of the feed mechanism; Fig. 7, a front elevation iof Fig. 6, and Fig. 8 a diagram. 1

The frame A of the machine is constructed in any suitable manner to support the bearings of four shafts,a m c at, the latter being the driving-shaft. The shaft 0. is parallel to the-drivingshaft, and the shafts a a are parallel to each other, being at right angles to the driving shaft, all the shafts being geared to turn together. To a yoke, A at the rear of the frame, are pivoted the rear endsof two hammers, B O, vibrating at right angles to each other in slots in the frame, on lines intersecting at the center of the machine, the adjacent sidesa; w of the heads of the two hammers being beveled, as shown in Fig. 1, for apnrpose described hereafter. block or spring, A1 bearing upon the shafts of the hammers B 0, tends to throw both the latter outward, and to the shafts c a are secured-wheels or disks D ,D, having at their peripheries cam -proj ections, which, bycontact with the hammers,-throw them inward, the

hammers having friction-rollers at the points of contact with the cams. Each hammer car- A rubber ries a die, the under face of the die b in the hammer B being slightly curi'ed and beveled at the end t to form the taper front face of the nail-head, and the die b of the hammer 0 having near the outer end a recess, 0, and corresponding with a similar stationary die, b secured in the frame of the machine. The hammer O is pivoted at a point, d, on a line with the center ,of the machine, or arranged at that side of said line nearest the die b the inner face of the latter being on the same side of said line. i

To the driving-shaft a is secured a wheel, segment, or series of arms, E, carrying a series of hardened rollers, e e e e 6 the peripheries of the rollers 6 being farther from the center of the shaft than those of the rollers 0 6 the roller 0 being nearest the center. The wheel E is so arranged that when the dies- 11 b are separated, as shown in Fig. 1, the rollers of-the wheel will be carried between them, with their peripheries above the lower edges of the dies. A bar, F, sliding in bearings on the frame, carries a cutter, G, the inner side of which is in contact with the end of the die b and from the end of the cutter projects a hooker-bar, g. A disk, H,seoured to the shaft a carries a pin, h, which, by its contact with the edge of a shoulder, i,-ol1 the slide F, forces forward the cutter, an inclined edge, h, of the disk thereafter striking against an arm, F, of the slide, and moving the lat- 'ter to its first position A table, I, at the front of the frame, supports a tube, J, the inner end of which is opposite the center of the machine, between the faces of the dies,-and a short distance from the latter; and to the end of the hammer O is secured a hooked arm, 70,

which extends between the end of the tube J and the arm g, and overlaps the latter. To the front of the frame are bolted brackets .VV

W, to which are secured the bearings of two shafts, K L, carrying feed-rolls M N, the latter being serrated, both rolls being arranged so as to grasp and feed forward the nail-rod through the tube J. The shafts K ing upward against the edge of a disk, m, on theshaft, the said lever being operated by a treadle, O. The shaft K carries a ratchet, P, (shown in the enlarged diagram, Fig. 8,) with the teeth of which engage a series of pawls, n M, 850., (len, in the present instance,) hung to pins projecting from the face of a disk, Q,

supported by but turning freely on the shaft K. The disk Q, is covered by a cap-plate, Q, and is connected by an arm, 0, to a lever, R, hung to a bracket at the rear of the frame, and raised by a cam, S, on the shaft a a spring imparting the downward movement, which is regulated by a screw, T, passing through the lever B and striking a post or bearin g, 19, on the frame. A'lever,U, supported by said post, serves to retain the lever B in an elevated position, when the feed is to be suspended.

The pawls 11, at &c., are of such varying lengths, or are so pivoted,'that their points shall be at regularly-increasing distances from the shoulders of the series of teeth 3 8 due, of the ratchet-wheel, with which they are in contact. Thus, if there are ten pawls, the first, n, will be in contact with the shoulder of the tooth s, the second a slight distance from the shoulder of the tooth the third farther from the shoulder of the tooth s and so on until the ninthis nearly at the point of the tooth 8 9.

It will be seen that a very slight oscillation of the disk Q-equal to one-tenth of the space between the points of any two of the teeth will be sufiicient to drop the pawl n behind the shoulderof the tooth s and a second "oscillation of like extent will drop the pawl n, and so on, thus insuring the regular movement of the shaft K, and the uniform feed of thenail-bar, with a possible lost motion of less than one-tenth the length of a tooth. It will be apparent that by reducing the size of theteeth,orincreasingthenumber of pawls,increased niccty of adjustment may be obtained.

The operation is as follows: The feed having been adjusted to move the rod forward intermittingly, and to the desired extent, and the nail-rod having been inserted through the tube J, the treadle O is depressed, bringing the brake-shoe 4* against and elevating the shaft L, and clamping the rod firmly between the feed-wheels, by which it is held iinmovably until it is moved forward upon the rotation of the wheels. After the hammer B has been thrown downward by one of the projections on the cam-wheel D, the roller 0, striking the lower side of the nail-rod, draws it longitudinally against the lower curved face of the die I), increasing its length, reducing it in thickness gradually toward the end, and forcing it into the recess t in the die b, which forms the face of the nail-head. As the roller 6 passes from the bar, the hammer G is thrown forward by one of the projections of the cam D, and bends the bar latterly, carrying the partly-shaped end against the face of the die b and reducing the bar in width, except opposite the recesses c c, in which and in the recess tis formed the enlargement constituting the head of the nail. As the hammer 0 recedes, the hook it, catching the opposite side of the bar, bends it back to a position directly beneath the die b, between which and the roller 6 it is further reduced, owing to the increased distance of the rollere from the center of the-shaft a, and so on, the rolling and beating operations alternating until the roller 6 passes from contact with the bar, when a projection, t, of increased length on the cam D will throw the hammer O inward, and will hold it, griping the barbetween the dies 1) b until the cutter G forces the bar laterally in' the end of the bar to a position central or.

thereabout with the space between the dies 1) 12 when the feed will move it forward the length of a nail and the operation will be repeated. Should the spring A fail to throw back either hammer B O in time, the proper movement is insured by the beveled edge a: of the other hammer acting as a cam or wedge to force the forward hammer to its place, preventing the breakage which otherwise wouldv OGGUI'.

In the patent granted to us on the 10th day.

of February, 1874,two vibrating side dies were employed, which, owing to their rapid movements and the difficulty of insuring perfect accuracy, would sometimes strike the bar unevenly, producing irregular nails. By using one vibrating lateral die and a stationary lateral die this difficulty is obviated, and an extended bearing obtained for the cutter-bar F,

which in our patented machine was carried by one of the hammers.

It will be apparent that greater accuracy is obtained in the cutting operation by the use.

of a cutter sliding. in stationary bearings.

By pivoting the hammer O at a point on a line with the center of the machine, or on the side of said center opposite the hammer, the latter, when thrown back will recede fromthe end of the nail-rod after the nail is out, instead of jamming against it, as in our former machine, where the hammer is hinged on the side of the center nearest the shaft (1.

By operating the cutter bya disk and a pin acting on a straight edge, 71, the forward motion begins slowly without any jerk,-and increases in rapidity as the cutter advances, the cam-edge h of the disk insuring a rapid and positive backward motion.

Instead of securing the dies in the hammers, as in our former machine, they are secured by pins q passing transversely, as shownat Figs. 3 and 4, preventing the loosening of the dies, heretofore resulting from the wearing of the screw-threads.

In our former machine the rollers 60 and projections upon the cam wheels operating the hammers were arranged so as to increase the movement of the hammers and the extent or the draw at each action in the formation of the nail. We have discovered that a much better and uniform result is obtained by increasing the movements only after-the first blow, and having-the others uniform, and, if any other change is made, reducing the extent of the last blow and drawing action, so that the greater number of actions are finishing rather than forming or reducing in their character.

It will be observed that the reduction of the. nail may be effected by altering the throw of the hammer B at successive movements, instead of arranging the rollers e e at different distances from the axis of the shaft.

Although'we have referred to the hooks g k as being connected. to and operated by the cutter and the hammer C, it will be apparent that they may be operated by special devices. Heretofore in nail-machines cutters have been arranged to shear the bar from the face toward the back of the nail, or, vice versa, across the narrow width of the rod, the effect being to reduce the thickness of the nail-head from front to back, rendering it necessary to use a thicker rod than would otherwise be required.

In our machine the cutter is arranged to cut across the rod at its greatest width, as shown in Fig. 4, the effect being to condenseand I) and reciprocating hammer, carrying the die 11 of the cutter G, arranged to slide in stationary bearings and shear the bar against the edge of the hammer-die, as set forth.

2. The combination of the fixed die I), reciprocating dies 1) b and hook it, for carrying the bar from the die b to a position directly beneath the die 12, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of the stationary die b reciprocating hammers, carrying dies 1) b and roller-carrier E, all constructed and operating as described, whereby the lower support for the blank is withdrawn after the nail has been cut from the rod prior to the last movement of the upper hammer, as set forth.

4. The combination of the dies b 11 cutter ing-screw T, and retaining-lever U,'substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination, in a nail-making machine, of feed-wheels, operated intermittingly from the machine, and a treadle and operating devices, whereby the wheels may be brought against the nail-rod with a pressure regulated by the operator, as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOB WHYSALL, JR. 0. M. MERRIOK.

Witnesses:

CHARLES E. FOSTER, OoUR'rNEYA. OooPER. 

